Them and Us

Even in prehistoric times, all people were not equal.

This part of the gallery shows evidence of Viking and Roman invasion, and explains how early peoples asserted their authority.

Bloodshed, weapons and heroes

Powerful images of warriors on three sculpted stones introduce Bloodshed, weapons and heroes, the first part of Them and Us. A 5500-year-old arrowhead lodged in a human vertebra is the oldest evidence we have of possible hostilities in Scotland, followed by weapons and accessories of war relating to several thousand years of conflict.

However, at this time warfare was on a small scale, concerned with raiding rather than territorial conquest.

Viking warriors and settlers

Courage and success on the battlefield brought rewards and impressive weapons signalled a warrior's status. This is vividly demonstrated by the Vikings. At first a feared enemy, they took over territory in order to settle, and became a permanent part of life and culture, particularly in Shetland, Orkney and the Hebrides.

What did the Romans do for us?

The Roman army came north into Scotland in AD 80. No one in Scotland had encountered organisation and technology like it. The Roman army's highly disciplined and well-equipped legions and auxiliaries were supported by an elaborate supply system and an impressive medical service. Among the most striking Roman objects displayed are the parade helmets worn by cavalrymen during tournaments, and a horse's parade harness.

Roman invaders

The Roman invaders display shows relations between the Romans and the native population. An array of Roman coins illustrates Roman campaigns, but the native way of life was not much affected by the Roman presence. Most people had little contact with the invaders.

Material displayed illustrates the Roman strategy of keeping the peace through diplomatic contacts with important native chiefs, to whom they gave gifts. The natives valued Roman objects, but often for reasons which had little to do with their original purpose.

Things to see

The treasure from Traprain Law in East Lothian is spectacular evidence of Roman influence even after they had left Scotland. It was probably given to a native chief to secure his loyalty at a time when Roman Britain was collapsing and the legions were preparing to abandon the province. It is the biggest and best known hoard of late Roman hacksilver, and was discovered during excavations in 1919.

Another highlight is the extraordinary carnyx, or war trumpet, used ceremonially as well as to inspire warriors and terrify the enemy.

The Hunterston brooch is another renowned treasure. Made about AD700 it is a highly accomplished casting of silver, richly mounted with gold, silver and amber decoration. The brooch is one of our collection highlights.